Wednesday, February 17, 2016

Karl Marx, [Communism: the superseding of self-estrangement], "From the Paris Notebooks" (1844), edited and translated by Joseph O'Malley, pg. 81

"But above all we must avoid conceiving of society once again as a fixed, abstract thing opposed to the individual. The individual is the social being. His life, therefore, even when it is not manifested in a directly communal way or as accomplished in common with others, is a manifestation and confirmation of social life. Man's individual life and species-life are not different, even though, necessarily, the mode of existence of individual life will be a more particular or more universal mode of species-life, or the mode of existence of species-life a more particular or more universal individual life."

"In his species-consciousness man affirms his actual social life and simply repeats in thought his actual existence, just as conversely his species-being is affirmed in his species-consciousness and, in its universality, exists for itself as a thinking being."

"Consequently, each individual man, however particular he be - and it is precisely his particularity that makes him an individual and an actual individual species-being - is just as much the totality: Both the ideal totality, i.e. the subjective existence of society present to itself in thought and feeling; and in the actual world, in his contemplation and actual enjoyment of social existence, a totality of human manifestations of life."

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